Which testing method looks for potential issues before actual execution?

Static testing is the method that looks for potential issues before the actual execution of the software. This approach involves reviewing the software's documentation, code, and requirements without running the program. Static testing can be performed through techniques such as inspections, reviews, and static analysis. The primary goal is to identify defects early in the development process, which can save time and resources later on, as it helps ensure that issues are resolved before the software is executed in a runtime environment.

In contrast, dynamic testing requires executing the software and involves checking its behavior under various conditions, which means it does not find issues until the software is operational. Similarly, exploratory testing is a hands-on approach that combines learning, test design, and test execution simultaneously in a dynamic context, rather than finding potential issues upfront. Regression testing focuses on verifying that previously developed and tested software continues to perform after changes have been made, dealing with issues after the software has already been executed. Thus, static testing is distinct in its proactive stance toward identifying potential issues early in the software development lifecycle.