Which statement comparing component testing and system testing is TRUE?

The correct statement highlights the fundamental differences in the focus and derivation of test cases for component testing versus system testing. In component testing, the primary aim is to evaluate individual software modules for functionality, reliability, and behaviors as defined in their respective specifications. These specifications detail what the module is supposed to do, guiding the creation of test cases that target the precise behavior and performance of that component.

On the other hand, system testing encompasses the entire application or system as a whole. The requirements specifications for the system outline the needs and expectations from the user's perspective, and it is from these comprehensive specifications that test scenarios for system testing are derived. This ensures that testing reflects the overall functionality and quality of the entire system as it operates in an integrated environment.

This clear distinction in the basis for the test cases — component specifications for component testing and requirement specifications for system testing — is critical for ensuring that both levels of testing serve their purposes effectively.