Which statement accurately describes statement coverage?

Statement coverage is a metric used in software testing to evaluate the extent to which the individual executable statements in a program's source code have been tested. When we say it represents the percentage of statements executed, we are referring to the ratio of executed statements to the total number of statements in the code. This form of coverage is essential because it helps identify which parts of the code have been tested and which have not, thus allowing testers to ensure that all possible paths through the code have been assessed at least once during testing.

By measuring statement coverage, testers can locate areas in the code that may require additional testing efforts, enhancing overall software quality and reliability. This coverage does not inherently indicate if the executed statements functioned correctly; it merely confirms that they were executed at least once during testing.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture what statement coverage entails. The number of test cases executed does not provide information about coverage and merely reflects the quantity of tests run. Similarly, the percentage of test cases that have passed is focused on pass/fail results rather than execution of statements. Lastly, while verifying coverage of all statements might seem relevant, the focus of statement coverage is specifically on the percentage executed, rather than merely confirming if all statements are covered.