Which of the following techniques is classified as static testing?

Static testing refers to the testing of software artifacts without executing the code. It involves analyzing documents, code, and other software deliverables to identify issues early in the development process. This can include reviews, inspections, and analyses to ensure that the software meets defined standards and requirements.

In this context, a code review is a common practice within static testing. During a code review, developers examine each other's code for defects, adherence to coding standards, and overall quality, without running the application. This approach allows teams to catch potential errors and improve code quality before any dynamic testing occurs, which involves executing the code.

The other techniques listed, such as error guessing, automated regression testing, and providing inputs to examine outputs, all involve executing the software or assessing its behavior during runtime, which categorizes them as dynamic testing methods. This distinction highlights the proactive nature of static testing in identifying defects prior to execution, ultimately contributing to a more robust software development process.