Which of the following is a defect rather than a root cause in a fitness tracker?

In the context of software testing and defect management, it’s important to distinguish between a defect and its root cause. A defect refers to an error or flaw in the software that results in incorrect or unexpected behavior, while a root cause is the underlying issue that leads to the defect.

The situation described in option C involves an incorrect configuration variable affecting the GPS function during daylight saving times, which is indicative of a specific error in the software implementation. This error directly results in incorrect behavior — the GPS function not working properly during a defined period, which users would notice as a problem. As such, this aligns with the definition of a defect, as it has a direct, observable effect on the software's functionality.

In contrast, the other options illustrate root causes rather than defects. They describe situations where assumptions, lack of knowledge, or misunderstandings created conditions that could lead to defects. For example, options A and D focus on misunderstandings about user requirements and design considerations, which are factors that can cause defects but are not defects themselves. Option B points out a lack of training that prevented the tester from identifying a major defect, indicating a gap in skills or knowledge rather than a specific flaw in the software.

Thus, option C accurately identifies a defect as it