What type of testing focuses on testing the application based on previous errors encountered?

Experience-based testing is the correct choice because it leverages the tester's knowledge and past experiences to identify test cases. This testing approach is informed by historical data about previous errors, allowing testers to concentrate on areas of the application that are more likely to fail due to past issues. By relying on previous experiences, testers can design tests that specifically target known problem areas, which increases the likelihood of uncovering similar defects in the current application.

This approach is particularly useful in a dynamic development environment where new features are added, or existing features are modified. Testers who have a history of working with the application can predict potential problem areas based on what has occurred in previous versions. Experience-based testing is often more efficient because it focuses testing efforts where they are most needed, rather than applying generic testing techniques that may not address specific vulnerabilities.

The other types mentioned do not directly emphasize the learning from previous errors. Analytical testing relies more on structured techniques like analysis and requirements specification rather than personal experience. Formal testing follows a set standard or methodology without necessarily drawing from past personal experiences. Manual testing focuses on how tests are executed rather than the knowledge base being applied to select tests, making experience-based testing the most relevant approach in context.