What is the primary focus of static testing?

Static testing primarily involves reviewing and analyzing documentation and code without executing the actual program. This technique is focused on identifying defects early in the development process by examining the underlying artifacts such as requirements, design documents, and source code.

By utilizing static testing methods, such as reviews, inspections, and static analysis tools, teams can detect issues that may not be apparent during execution, such as coding standards violations or logical errors within the code. This early detection helps reduce costs and impacts by addressing problems before they propagate into later stages of development.

In contrast, the other options involve dynamic testing activities, where the actual execution of the program takes place. Dynamic testing approaches include running test scripts to verify the software's functionality, executing automated tests to uncover defects under various conditions, and performing regression testing to ensure that new code changes do not adversely affect existing features. These activities focus on the runtime behavior of the software rather than the inherent quality of the code or documentation itself.