What is the main focus of static testing methods?

The main focus of static testing methods is indeed the reviewing of documents and code without execution. Static testing involves examining software artifacts at various stages of development, such as requirements documents, design specifications, and source code, to identify potential defects before the software is run. This approach allows testers and developers to detect issues early in the lifecycle, ultimately saving time and costs associated with correcting defects that would be found later during dynamic testing.

By analyzing the code or documentation without executing it, static testing provides insights into code quality, adherence to standards, and helps ensure that requirements are clearly understood and correctly implemented. Techniques such as code reviews, static code analysis, and inspections fall under this category and are crucial for improving the overall quality of the software.

This focus on early detection and prevention of defects contrasts with methods that require software execution, which are aimed at assessing functionality and performance. Static testing is complementary to dynamic testing, creating a more robust testing strategy overall.