What does black-box testing rely on?

Black-box testing focuses on evaluating the functionality of a software application without needing to understand its internal workings or code structure. This testing approach is primarily driven by user requirements and software specifications. Testers design test cases based on how the software should behave as defined by the documentation, rather than the code itself.

Since black-box testing is centered around what the software is supposed to do—the requirements and specifications—it allows for testing from the end user’s perspective. This ensures that the software meets its intended functionality and fulfills user needs, making it an effective method for validation. By concentrating on what the software should accomplish, testers can determine if it behaves as expected under various scenarios without needing insight into the underlying code or logic.